(function(undefined) {

    // The default loader is responsible for two things:
    // 1. Maintaining the default in-memory registry of component configuration objects
    //    (i.e., the thing you're writing to when you call ko.components.register(someName, ...))
    // 2. Answering requests for components by fetching configuration objects
    //    from that default in-memory registry and resolving them into standard
    //    component definition objects (of the form { createViewModel: ..., template: ... })
    // Custom loaders may override either of these facilities, i.e.,
    // 1. To supply configuration objects from some other source (e.g., conventions)
    // 2. Or, to resolve configuration objects by loading viewmodels/templates via arbitrary logic.

    var defaultConfigRegistry = {};

    ko.components.register = function(componentName, config) {
        if (!config) {
            throw new Error('Invalid configuration for ' + componentName);
        }

        if (ko.components.isRegistered(componentName)) {
            throw new Error('Component ' + componentName + ' is already registered');
        }

        defaultConfigRegistry[componentName] = config;
    }

    ko.components.isRegistered = function(componentName) {
        return componentName in defaultConfigRegistry;
    }

    ko.components.unregister = function(componentName) {
        delete defaultConfigRegistry[componentName];
        ko.components.clearCachedDefinition(componentName);
    }

    ko.components.defaultLoader = {
        'getConfig': function(componentName, callback) {
            var result = defaultConfigRegistry.hasOwnProperty(componentName)
                ? defaultConfigRegistry[componentName]
                : null;
            callback(result);
        },

        'loadComponent': function(componentName, config, callback) {
            var errorCallback = makeErrorCallback(componentName);
            possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, config, function(loadedConfig) {
                resolveConfig(componentName, errorCallback, loadedConfig, callback);
            });
        },

        'loadTemplate': function(componentName, templateConfig, callback) {
            resolveTemplate(makeErrorCallback(componentName), templateConfig, callback);
        },

        'loadViewModel': function(componentName, viewModelConfig, callback) {
            resolveViewModel(makeErrorCallback(componentName), viewModelConfig, callback);
        }
    };

    var createViewModelKey = 'createViewModel';

    // Takes a config object of the form { template: ..., viewModel: ... }, and asynchronously convert it
    // into the standard component definition format:
    //    { template: <ArrayOfDomNodes>, createViewModel: function(params, componentInfo) { ... } }.
    // Since both template and viewModel may need to be resolved asynchronously, both tasks are performed
    // in parallel, and the results joined when both are ready. We don't depend on any promises infrastructure,
    // so this is implemented manually below.
    function resolveConfig(componentName, errorCallback, config, callback) {
        var result = {},
            makeCallBackWhenZero = 2,
            tryIssueCallback = function() {
                if (--makeCallBackWhenZero === 0) {
                    callback(result);
                }
            },
            templateConfig = config['template'],
            viewModelConfig = config['viewModel'];

        if (templateConfig) {
            possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, templateConfig, function(loadedConfig) {
                ko.components._getFirstResultFromLoaders('loadTemplate', [componentName, loadedConfig], function(resolvedTemplate) {
                    result['template'] = resolvedTemplate;
                    tryIssueCallback();
                });
            });
        } else {
            tryIssueCallback();
        }

        if (viewModelConfig) {
            possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, viewModelConfig, function(loadedConfig) {
                ko.components._getFirstResultFromLoaders('loadViewModel', [componentName, loadedConfig], function(resolvedViewModel) {
                    result[createViewModelKey] = resolvedViewModel;
                    tryIssueCallback();
                });
            });
        } else {
            tryIssueCallback();
        }
    }

    function resolveTemplate(errorCallback, templateConfig, callback) {
        if (typeof templateConfig === 'string') {
            // Markup - parse it
            callback(ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(templateConfig));
        } else if (templateConfig instanceof Array) {
            // Assume already an array of DOM nodes - pass through unchanged
            callback(templateConfig);
        } else if (isDocumentFragment(templateConfig)) {
            // Document fragment - use its child nodes
            callback(ko.utils.makeArray(templateConfig.childNodes));
        } else if (templateConfig['element']) {
            var element = templateConfig['element'];
            if (isDomElement(element)) {
                // Element instance - copy its child nodes
                callback(cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(element));
            } else if (typeof element === 'string') {
                // Element ID - find it, then copy its child nodes
                var elemInstance = document.getElementById(element);
                if (elemInstance) {
                    callback(cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(elemInstance));
                } else {
                    errorCallback('Cannot find element with ID ' + element);
                }
            } else {
                errorCallback('Unknown element type: ' + element);
            }
        } else {
            errorCallback('Unknown template value: ' + templateConfig);
        }
    }

    function resolveViewModel(errorCallback, viewModelConfig, callback) {
        if (typeof viewModelConfig === 'function') {
            // Constructor - convert to standard factory function format
            // By design, this does *not* supply componentInfo to the constructor, as the intent is that
            // componentInfo contains non-viewmodel data (e.g., the component's element) that should only
            // be used in factory functions, not viewmodel constructors.
            callback(function (params /*, componentInfo */) {
                return new viewModelConfig(params);
            });
        } else if (typeof viewModelConfig[createViewModelKey] === 'function') {
            // Already a factory function - use it as-is
            callback(viewModelConfig[createViewModelKey]);
        } else if ('instance' in viewModelConfig) {
            // Fixed object instance - promote to createViewModel format for API consistency
            var fixedInstance = viewModelConfig['instance'];
            callback(function (params, componentInfo) {
                return fixedInstance;
            });
        } else if ('viewModel' in viewModelConfig) {
            // Resolved AMD module whose value is of the form { viewModel: ... }
            resolveViewModel(errorCallback, viewModelConfig['viewModel'], callback);
        } else {
            errorCallback('Unknown viewModel value: ' + viewModelConfig);
        }
    }

    function cloneNodesFromTemplateSourceElement(elemInstance) {
        switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(elemInstance)) {
            case 'script':
                return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(elemInstance.text);
            case 'textarea':
                return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(elemInstance.value);
            case 'template':
                // For browsers with proper <template> element support (i.e., where the .content property
                // gives a document fragment), use that document fragment.
                if (isDocumentFragment(elemInstance.content)) {
                    return ko.utils.cloneNodes(elemInstance.content.childNodes);
                }
        }

        // Regular elements such as <div>, and <template> elements on old browsers that don't really
        // understand <template> and just treat it as a regular container
        return ko.utils.cloneNodes(elemInstance.childNodes);
    }

    function isDomElement(obj) {
        if (window['HTMLElement']) {
            return obj instanceof HTMLElement;
        } else {
            return obj && obj.tagName && obj.nodeType === 1;
        }
    }

    function isDocumentFragment(obj) {
        if (window['DocumentFragment']) {
            return obj instanceof DocumentFragment;
        } else {
            return obj && obj.nodeType === 11;
        }
    }

    function possiblyGetConfigFromAmd(errorCallback, config, callback) {
        if (typeof config['require'] === 'string') {
            // The config is the value of an AMD module
            if (require || window['require']) {
                (require || window['require'])([config['require']], callback);
            } else {
                errorCallback('Uses require, but no AMD loader is present');
            }
        } else {
            callback(config);
        }
    }

    function makeErrorCallback(componentName) {
        return function (message) {
            throw new Error('Component \'' + componentName + '\': ' + message);
        };
    }

    ko.exportSymbol('components.register', ko.components.register);
    ko.exportSymbol('components.isRegistered', ko.components.isRegistered);
    ko.exportSymbol('components.unregister', ko.components.unregister);

    // Expose the default loader so that developers can directly ask it for configuration
    // or to resolve configuration
    ko.exportSymbol('components.defaultLoader', ko.components.defaultLoader);

    // By default, the default loader is the only registered component loader
    ko.components['loaders'].push(ko.components.defaultLoader);

    // Privately expose the underlying config registry for use in old-IE shim
    ko.components._allRegisteredComponents = defaultConfigRegistry;
})();
